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Glossary |
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| activities | ||
| things that cells do
"Certain lung cell activities bring oxygen to the blood." |
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| anew | ||
| to make brand new
"Students begin the school year anew in September" |
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| artificial | ||
| something that is not real, an imitation
"The man wore an artificial leg when he lost his leg in an accident." |
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| average consumer | ||
| a typical person who buys things
"The average consumer spends a lot of money on food. |
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| breeding stock | ||
| selective mating of animals
"The farmer used certain bulls for breeding stock because they were so healthy and strong." |
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| cell's structure | ||
| what the cell is made up of
"By looking at a cell's structure under the microscope, the students could identify what it was." |
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| chromosomes | ||
| Separate strands of genes, contained in the nucleus of a cell. Normally, chromosomes appear in corresponding pairs.
"A genome is made up of a complete set of paired chromosomes." |
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| circumstances | ||
| certain conditions
"Under the present circumstances the scientists decided to stop their research until they had more information." |
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| clone | ||
| an exact copy of a living thing often produced from a single
cell
" The clone of Dolly started with a single cell." |
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| cloning | ||
| To make an exact copy of.
"Scientists tried cloning Dolly the sheep hundreds of times before they were successful." |
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| coma | ||
| a long period of deep unconsciousness causeed by disease, injury
or poison.
"The boy was in a coma for days after he was hit by a car." |
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| cultivated | ||
| to grow, to keep something alive
"The scientists cultivated the cells in a laboratory dish." |
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| desired features | ||
| characteristics or things about an animal that you want
"The farmer tries to breed cows that have the desired features of giving a lot of milk and having back and white fur." |
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| development | ||
| growth, how things turn out
"Scientists studied the development of the cells in the petrie dish in the lab." |
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| dictate | ||
| to tell or direct
"Certain genes dictate whether we are tall or short." |
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| differentiation | ||
| the process by which cells become specialized
"Through differentiation, skin cells become different from muscle cells." |
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| disorder | ||
| something wrong
The boy's mental disorder made him act very nervous." |
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| duplicate | ||
| exact copy
"This homework is an exact duplicate of a homework I already received and completed." |
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| embryos | ||
| an animal or plant in its first stages of development, before birth, hatching or sprouting
"The chick within the egg is an embryo." |
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| Ethicists | ||
| people who spend time thinking about values related to right and wrong human behavior
"The ethicists talked about the value of cloning humans." |
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| eugenics | ||
| The belief that information about heredity can be used to improve the human race.
"Many people disagree about the value of eugenics because they think it may be used in the wrong way." |
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| fertilizes | ||
| union of two gametes to form a zygote, the sperm joins the egg
"The scientists were able to fertilize the egg in the testube, outside the mother's body to create an embryo." |
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| flaw | ||
| a mistake, an imperfection
Since the cloning experiment had many flaws, the scientists could not make a cloned animal that lived." |
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| freedom of inquiry | ||
| the right of the public to know
"The public has the freedom of inquiry about how good or bad human cloning will be for everyone over time." |
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| fused together | ||
| joined together
"The two cells were fused together and could not be separated afterwards." |
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| genetic | ||
| genetic duplicate | ||
| Someone with an exact copy of someone else's genes
"A clone of Junior would be a genetic duplicate of him." |
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| genetically identical | ||
| having the exact same set of genes
"A clone of Dolly the sheep will be genetically identical to her." |
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| genetically related baby | ||
| a baby that shares the same genes as its mother and father
The adopted child was not a genetically related baby to its adoptive parents." |
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| genetically related offspring | ||
| children with the same genes as their parents
"The brother and sister were genetically related offspring of their mother and father." |
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| highly probable | ||
| very likely to happen
"It is highly probable that Junior's clone will not be exactly like Junior in his personality." |
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| infertile | ||
| not able to conceive or have a baby
"The infertile woman wanted to have a clone made of her husband since she could not have her own baby." |
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| inherit the disorder | ||
| genetically get a disease or a problem from your mother or father
The parents were happy that their child did not inherit the disorder for diabetes from his mother." |
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| Junior | ||
| This is Mrs. Fister's son who was injured in the traffic accident and is in a coma.
"Mrs. Fister is considering cloning Junior". |
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| Junior I | ||
| Mrs. Fister's actual son who was injured in the accident
"Mrs. Fister tries to decide if she wants to make a clone of Junior I." |
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| Junior II | ||
| the clone of Junior I
"Junior II would never be exactly the same as Junior I." |
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| laboratory dish | ||
| a sterile glass dish used by researchers or scientists in a lab
"The scientist placed drops of the chemicals in the laboratory dish to create a new compound." |
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| mature cells | ||
| cells that have reached their full growth potential
"In the Dolly experiment, researchers tried hundreds of times to clone a sheep from mature cells, but could only do it once." |
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| mutation | ||
| Changes that occur to the order of bases appearing in the DNA inside a cell.
"Genetic mutations are known to cause birth defects." |
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| newsworthy | ||
| a description of information that is important to share with the public
"The discovery of a cure for cancer is newsworthy because it is important information that will help the public." |
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| nourishment | ||
| feeding, giving proper nutrients
"Without proper nourshment, the child would become weak and die." |
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| nuclear transfer | ||
| a way to create a new animal by cloning
"Scientists were able to use nuclear transfer to clone the rhesus monkey." |
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| nuclear transfer technology | ||
| one way to make clones
"Dolly the sheep was cloned using nuclear transfer technology." |
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| nucleus | ||
| The central part of a cell where the chromosomes are contained.
Each cell contains one nucleus." |
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| ovary | ||
| a female organ of reproduction
"The woman's left ovary produced too few eggs to enable her get pregnant." |
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| preferred traits | ||
| choosing certain characteristics about an animal or person over others
"Girls often choose the preferred traits of being athletic and strong in the boys they date." |
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| protein | ||
| a complicated chain of amino acids necessary in how a cell is structured and functions
"Proteins are the most common organic compound in living cells., and found in all human beings." |
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| proteins | ||
| The basic chemicals that make up the structure of cells and direct their activities.
"The wall of the cell is made out of proteins." |
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| resting state | ||
| a time when cells are going to have their genetic instructions erased
"Specific genetic instructions in operation on the cells were erased when the cells were in the resting state." |
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| restrictions | ||
| skin cells | ||
| cells that specifically grow to form skin
"Specialized cells can become hair or skin cells." |
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| specialize | ||
| the adaption of a cell for a particular use
"Some cells specialize and become skin cells and some become bone cells." |
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| specialized | ||
| the way cells are directed to become specific parts of the body
"The cells specialized into hair cells." |
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| splice | ||
| to cut something
"The scientists were able to splice the cells in the laboratory dish." |
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| surrogate | ||
| substitute or standin for someone else "The surrogate sheep gave birth to Dolly" |
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| The Pope | ||
| Leader of the Catholic Church
"The Pope lead services in the church" |
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| transgenic | ||
| Containing genes from another species.
"Scientists are trying to create a transgenic cow that will have better milk to help humans." |
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| transgenic animals | ||
| animals that were created by cloning
"Dolly the sheep is a transgenic animal." |
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| udder | ||
| part of an animal that the milk comes out of
"The lamb sucked on the mother sheep's udder to get its milk. |
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| uniqueness | ||
| in its own special way
People noticed the girl for the uniqueness of her singing talent." |
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Project Intersect http://intersect.uoregon.edu
Copyright
©1999-2000 Center for Electronic Studying, University of Oregon. |
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